Real-time in live cinema has multiple levels: mixing pre-recorded clips, generating visuals algorithmically, and processing live camera feed

‘Real-time’ is not a single thing. Daniel Palmer identifies that a real-time image is one produced and received simultaneously. But within live cinema this occurs at different levels: (1) clip mixing — the performer selects and sequences pre-existing clips in real time; (2) algorithmic generation — the software generates visuals from code/parameters in real time; (3) live camera processing — a live camera feed is modified with real-time effects so production and output are simultaneous. Each level has different technical requirements and gives different aesthetic qualities. Understanding these levels helps a performer identify what ‘real time’ means in their own practice.

Examples

Resolume clip mixing (level 1); Processing sketch generating abstract forms from audio input (level 2); live camera with colour-key effect feeding the projector (level 3).

Assessment

For each of the three levels of real-time identified by Makela, name one software tool that operates at that level and describe one aesthetic quality it enables.