A modular synthesizer consists of single-function modules connected manually, making signal routing impermanent and nonlinear

Unlike fixed-architecture synthesizers where oscillators, filters, and envelopes have preset relationships, a modular synthesizer is built from individual modules each performing one function. The user physically connects these modules with patch cables. Two key consequences: (a) combinations are nonlinear — you can route a filter’s output back into an oscillator’s FM input, or use an envelope to modulate another envelope; (b) routing is impermanent — pulling a cable and re-patching changes the signal flow instantly. The modular’s defining value is not analog warmth but hands-on flexibility and the invitation to create novel, non-prescribed signal paths.

Examples

A standard fixed synth has OSC -> Filter -> VCA in a fixed chain. A modular lets you route OSC into Filter, then use Filter’s audio output to modulate an LFO rate, which in turn modulates oscillator pitch — a feedback patch impossible on most fixed synths.

Assessment

Explain what ‘impermanent routing’ means in a modular context and give an example of a signal path that would be impossible or very difficult on a conventional fixed synthesizer.