Flanger uses 1-20 ms LFO-modulated delay; chorus uses 20-30 ms; slapback uses 10-120 ms

Short time-varying delay lines produce related effects whose character is determined by delay time and LFO modulation. Flanger: delay 1-20 ms, LFO-modulated — produces a sweeping comb-filter effect with a metallic whooshing sound. Chorus: delay 20-30 ms, LFO-modulated — thickens a signal by simulating multiple slightly detuned voices. Slapback: fixed delay 10-120 ms, no LFO — a single near-simultaneous doubling used in rockabilly production. Echo: 100 ms to several seconds with optional feedback — produces distinct repetitions. These ranges are approximate guidelines that can be stretched depending on source material.

Examples

1 ms with LFO: tight flange on a snare. 25 ms with slow LFO: chorus on guitar. 80 ms slapback on vocal: classic 1950s doubling sound. 400 ms feedback delay: melodic echo. All are achievable with a single tapin~/tapout~ pair in Max by changing one number.

Assessment

Name three effects achievable with one delay line by changing only delay time and LFO rate. State the typical delay range for each and describe the perceived result.