Max/MSP is a graphical dataflow language whose objects are wired with virtual patch cords, like a modular synthesizer

Max/MSP is an interactive graphical programming environment where algorithms are built by placing objects on a canvas and wiring their inlets and outlets together with virtual patch cords — adopting the metaphor of the modular synthesizer, where each module handles a function and exchanges data with those it connects to. Objects named with a tilde (~) process continuous audio signals (MSP objects); others handle control-rate messages and data. The result is called a patch. Because it is visual and immediately audible, Max is well-suited for teaching synthesis by making the data-flow structure of algorithms visible; the authors call it a de facto standard for technologically-enabled creative projects.

Examples

A basic sine oscillator patch: cycle~ 440 → gain~ → ezdac~. The cycle~ object generates a 440 Hz tone, gain~ controls volume, and ezdac~ routes audio to the soundcard. The patch cord from cycle~ to gain~ carries a continuous audio signal.

Assessment

Explain why Max is called a ‘dataflow’ language, and describe the difference between an MSP object (cycle~) and a non-signal object (number box) — why does Max reject connecting an audio outlet to a message inlet?