In mastering, the compressor and limiter are two separate units with distinct roles

Unlike recording where a single unit may function as either compressor or limiter depending on settings, professional mastering uses two separate units. The compressor shapes dynamics by adding punch and strength to small and medium-level signals. The limiter controls instantaneous peaks to raise the apparent level without allowing digital overs. Combining both tools allows independent control over dynamic texture and peak ceiling.

Examples

A mastering engineer applies a gentle Manley Vari-Mu compressor for glue, then a Waves L2 brick-wall limiter to control the highest transient peaks before the final output level.

Assessment

Why does professional mastering require separate compressor and limiter units rather than a single dynamics processor?